If you have studied Classical Latin before, you will notice that instead of the supine + ‘ iri’, Medieval Latin uses the past participle + ‘ fore’ to form the future passive infinitive. To form the future passive infinitive of a verb, remove the ‘- m’ of the supine and add ‘- s’ to get the past participle and then add ‘ fore’. To form the perfect passive infinitive of a verb, remove the ‘- m’ of the supine, add ‘- s’ to get the past participle and then add ‘ esse’. To form the present passive infinitive of a verb of the third conjugation, remove the ‘- ere’ ending from the present infinitive and add ‘- i’.įor example: dico, dicere, dixi, dictum (3) To form the present passive infinitive of a verb of the first, second or fourth conjugation, remove the ‘- e’ ending from the present infinitive and add ‘- i’.įor example: voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum (1)
In Latin there are also three infinitive forms in the passive voice. The future participle acts like an adjective, agreeing with the subject of the verb, and declines like ‘bonus, -a, -um’. To form the future active infinitive of a verb, use the future participle (formed by removing the ‘-m’ from the supine and adding ‘-rus’) and add ‘esse’. Servivisse can become servisse 3. Future active If there is a ‘-v’ at the end of the stem, there is sometimes an abbreviated form of the infinitive which excludes the ‘-vi’. To form the perfect active infinitive of a verb, add ‘-sse’ to the third principal part of the verb. Normally the ending for first conjugation verbs is ‘-are’, second conjugation verbs ‘–ere’, third conjugation verbs ‘-ere’, and fourth conjugation verbs ‘-ire’. Voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum (1) to call In a dictionary, the present active infinitive form of a verb is shown as the second principal part and we have come across it several times already.
In Latin there are three infinitive forms in the active voice. In English this part of a verb is easily recognised as it is preceded by ‘to’. An infinitive is the part of a verb which is unaffected by person or number.
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